Beijing has four distinct seasons. April, May, September, and October are the best times to visit. Spring and autumn bring mild temperatures (15C to 25C), good air quality, and manageable crowds at the Great Wall, Forbidden City, and Temple of Heaven. May sees cherry blossoms and summer festival preparations. October's National Golden Week (October 1 to 7) is extremely crowded; if flexibility allows, visit late September or late October instead. June, July, and August are hot and humid, with temperatures reaching 35C to 38C. Crowds peak at major sites. Air quality can deteriorate in summer heat. July and August are the rainiest months. Winter (November to February) is dry, cold, and dramatically atmospheric at sites like the Forbidden City dusted in snow. January and February are frigid, -5C to -10C, but authentic and crowd-free. The Chinese New Year holiday (January or February) shuts many restaurants and local businesses.